Components of Islamic Unity and Its Reinforcement from the Perspective of Nahj al-Balagha

Unity among Muslims is considered one of the most significant principles of the innate (fiṭrī) religion, as human innate nature (fiṭra) inherently inclines toward unity. This article seeks to elucidate the components of Islamic unity and its reinforcement, grounded in certain human values rooted in human innate nature. It emphasizes that
the divine fiṭra serves as an authentic foundation for unity and plays a pivotal
role in eliminating manifestations of racism and class discrimination among people. Accordingly, the central question is: What are the innate components of Islamic unity and its expansion from the perspective of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Nahj
al-Balagha? To address this question, the study employs a social analysis method, examining several statements from Nahj al-Balagha by Imam Ali (peace be upon him) within an fiṭra-oriented framework of studying the human nature. This framework focuses on the characteristics of humans as social beings who naturally gravitate toward solidarity and cooperation with others. The research has yielded significant findings, among the most notable being the identification of a set of innate values that form the core foundations of Islamic unity. These values include freedom, rationality, civility, servitude to God, empathy, and cooperation. These concepts are not only moral values but also authentic and universal human essences, emphasized in religious texts, particularly the sayings of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to achieve a Quranic culture and a global civilization. Moreover, these values create a common ground among Muslims of various sects and denominations, transforming Islamic unity into a tangible and achievable vision. The research further demonstrates that Islamic unity is not merely a religious matter but a multifaceted necessity that integrates religious legitimacy, rational acceptability, and human approval. Consequently, achieving Islamic unity requires employing methods grounded in social and ethical sciences, aimed at reinforcing commonalities and transcending minor or jurisprudential differences, which are often exaggerated or taken out of context. In this regard, the research proposes two fundamental criteria for identifying and applying these innate values:

Conceptual-philosophical analysis within the framework of Islamic fiṭra-based picture of human nature: In this approach, humans are viewed as beings with an innate nature, endowed with free will, rationality, sociality, and a tendency to pursue God. This perspective is derived from Quranic principles and emphasized in the sayings of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha, particularly in passages addressing human nature and its social role.
Drawing upon the contributions of contemporary human sciences, such as psychology, sociology, and moral philosophy, to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the human role as a social agent striving to build relationships based on mutual understanding, empathy, and cooperation—values that form the foundation of unity.

Ultimately, from the perspective of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), Islamic unity
is not merely a slogan or religious ritual but a comprehensive civilizational project
that requires innate awareness, rational effort, and human collaboration. This unity represents the best approach to addressing contemporary challenges through a collective spirit grounded in dialogue, mutual respect, and the rejection of excommunication and division. The concept of freedom manifests in the rejection of tyrannical domination, as disbelievers have no authority over believers—a truth that requires a form of freedom leading to Islamic unity. Individual freedom, when grounded in ethical principles, prepares individuals for interaction with others in an atmosphere of reconciliation and affection. Furthermore, the free association of individuals culminates in national unity, enabling them to pursue their collective interests and welfare within their country. Accordingly, if all Islamic countries freely reject the domination of tyranny and enemies and unite around the word of tawhid (monotheism), they will attain salvation and prosperity. Reflection, as one of the religious teachings, prevents humans from baseless and futile behaviors, guiding them toward knowledge and culture. All these factors steer humanity toward unity, while ignorance and doubt are sources of discord and division. Civility, by its nature, implies that humans are inherently created to live alongside and cooperate with others, serving as an innate foundation for unity. When individuals recognize their profound need for community, they strive to achieve Islamic unity and overcome divisive factors. Servitude to God reinforces the principle of tawhid, uniting Muslims under a single banner and liberating them from the division caused by attachment to other humans and human powers. This servitude forms the spiritual and social foundation for the cohesion of the Islamic ummah. Empathy fosters a sense of brotherhood and affection among members of the Islamic ummah, reducing conflicts and disputes. This quality is a fundamental factor in achieving Islamic unity, as it enhances mutual understanding and cooperation among Muslims. Cooperation, in turn, strengthens the spirit of collective effort, aligning endeavors toward shared goals and thereby fortifying the bonds of the ummah. Through collaboration, a sustainable Islamic unity is established, which rests upon mutual growth and synergy rather than conflict and negative competition. Imam Ali’s approach to the unity of the ummah is regarded as a civilizational project grounded in interconnected intellectual, doctrinal, and human foundations. This approach serves as a practical model that the Islamic ummah can
draw inspiration from in confronting contemporary challenges that threaten its existence and unity.