The Ummah-Civilization Theory and the Role of the Imam

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate professor, Monir Research Center, Academy of Islamic Sciences, Qom, Iran

2 PhD student, Baqir al-Olum University, Qom, Iran

Abstract

The primary aim of this article is to examine and compare two significant theories within socio-civilizational structures: the nation-state theory and the ummah-civilization theory. The main question of this research is: what are the differences between these two theories in terms of social structure, and on which social theories are they founded? The research methodology is designed to be qualitative and analytical, enabling an in-depth exploration of the concepts and principles underlying each theory. To this end, data has been extracted from credible religious and historical sources, and various dimensions of these theories have been analyzed and explained. The key findings indicate that the nation-state theory is based on sovereignty, geographical boundaries, national identity, and citizenship rights. Its roots trace back to European history and the emergence of centralized states, with its foundation built on the social theory of the "market man." In contrast, the ummah-civilization theory is rooted in revelatory knowledge and the traditions of the prophets, focusing on the relationship between the "ummah" (community) and "civilization" as a religious and cultural society. This theory is founded on a religious social framework emphasizing concepts such as brotherhood (ukhuwwa), intercession (shafāʿa), and self-sacrifice as key values for shaping Islamic societies and fostering social and cultural cohesion. Moreover, the role of the Imam, as a central pillar in shaping the ummah and Islamic civilization, diverges from modern notions of dominance and governance. Instead, the Imam acts as a compassionate and guiding figure, akin to a nurturing parent, providing leadership and fostering scientific and spiritual growth within the community. The final conclusion is that the ummah-civilization theory can serve as an effective model in the contemporary era, contributing to the creation of sustainable societies committed to humanistic and Islamic principles. This theory not only addresses the social and cultural challenges of the modern world but also offers a framework for realizing a new Islamic civilization and establishing a novel global order.

Keywords

References

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Governance in the Quran and Sunnah
Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 3
January 2024
Pages 55-77

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